Blood Test Glossary
Your comprehensive guide to understanding blood test markers. Learn what each biomarker measures, why it matters, and what your results mean.
79 biomarkers across 6 categories
❤️Cardiometabolic Health(13 markers)
Apolipoprotein A1
The main protein component of HDL particles.
Apolipoprotein B
The main protein found in LDL and other atherogenic lipoprotein particles.
Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio
The balance between potentially harmful and protective cholesterol carriers.
HbA1c
Measures your average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
HDL % of Total Cholesterol
Measures the percentage of your total cholesterol that is HDL.
HDL Cholesterol
Measures "good" cholesterol that helps remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream.
hsCRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive protein)
Measures low-level inflammation in your body.
LDL Cholesterol
Measures "bad" cholesterol that can build up in your arteries.
Lipoprotein (a)
A specialised type of LDL particle with genetic determinants.
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Measures all cholesterol types except HDL.
Random Glucose
Measures your blood sugar levels at time of testing.
Total Cholesterol
Measures the total cholesterol level in your blood.
Triglycerides
Measures levels of this type of fat in your blood.
⚡Hormone Health(16 markers)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
A hormone produced by the ovaries that indicates egg quantity.
Anti-TG (Thyroglobulin Antibodies)
Antibodies targeting thyroglobulin, a protein essential for thyroid hormone production.
Cortisol
The primary stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
D.H.E.A. Sulphate (DHEAS)
An adrenal hormone that serves as a precursor to sex hormones.
Estradiol
The primary form of estrogen in non-pregnant females.
Ferritin
A protein that stores iron in your cells.
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
A pituitary hormone that stimulates egg and sperm production.
FT3 (Free Triiodothyronine)
The unbound, biologically active form of T3, the most potent thyroid hormone.
FT4 (Free Thyroxine)
The unbound, biologically active form of T4, the main thyroid hormone.
LH (Luteinising Hormone)
A pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production.
Progesterone
A hormone produced mainly by the ovaries that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
Prolactin
A hormone best known for stimulating milk production.
SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
A protein that binds to sex hormones, controlling their availability to tissues.
T4 (Thyroxine)
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone also present in females.
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
A pituitary hormone that regulates thyroid function.
🩸Blood Health(16 markers)
Basophils (count and %)
A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammation.
Eosinophils (count and %)
A type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses and parasite defense.
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
Measures how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube.
Haematocrit
The percentage of blood volume that consists of red blood cells.
Haemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Lymphocytes (count and %)
White blood cells that play a central role in immune responses.
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin)
The average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration)
The average concentration of hemoglobin inside red blood cells.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
The average size of red blood cells.
Monocytes (count and %)
A type of white blood cell that can develop into macrophages.
MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)
The average size of platelets in the blood.
Neutrophils (count and %)
The most abundant type of white blood cell, which fights bacterial infections.
Platelets
Cell fragments essential for blood clotting.
Red Blood Cell Count
The total number of red blood cells per volume of blood.
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Measures the variation in size of red blood cells.
White Blood Cell Count
The total number of white blood cells in your blood.
🫀Vital Organ Functions(12 markers)
Albumin
The main protein in blood plasma, produced by the liver.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
An enzyme found primarily in the liver and bones.
ALT (Alanine Transaminase)
An enzyme found mainly in the liver.
AST (Aspartate Transaminase)
An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles.
Bilirubin
A yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
A waste product filtered by the kidneys.
Creatinine
A waste product produced by muscles and filtered by the kidneys.
GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase)
An enzyme found in many tissues, especially the liver.
Potassium
An essential electrolyte for heart and muscle function.
Sodium
The main electrolyte in blood that regulates fluid balance.
Total Protein
The sum of all proteins in blood plasma, including albumin and globulins.
Uric Acid
A waste product from the breakdown of purines.
🥗Nutritional Status(12 markers)
Active B12
The biologically active form of vitamin B12.
Calcium
An essential mineral for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Copper
A trace mineral essential for red blood cell formation and nerve function.
Folate (Vitamin B9)
A B vitamin essential for cell division and DNA synthesis.
Iron
An essential mineral required for oxygen transport in the blood.
Magnesium
A mineral essential for over 300 biochemical reactions in the body.
Phosphate
An essential mineral that works with calcium for bone health.
TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity)
Measures the blood's capacity to bind iron with transferrin.
Transferrin Saturation
The percentage of iron-binding sites on transferrin that are carrying iron.
Vitamin B12
An essential vitamin for nerve function and blood cell formation.
Vitamin D
A hormone-like vitamin essential for calcium absorption and immune function.
Zinc
A trace element essential for immune function and cell division.
🧬Methylation & Longevity(10 markers)
Active B12
The biologically active form of vitamin B12.
Cortisol
The primary stress hormone.
D.H.E.A. Sulphate
An adrenal hormone that declines predictably with age.
Folate (Vitamin B9)
Circulating levels of folate (B9), a critical methyl donor.
FT3 (Free Triiodothyronine)
The unbound, biologically active form of T3, the most potent thyroid hormone.
HbA1c
Measures your average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
hsCRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive protein)
Low-grade inflammation throughout your body.
T4 (Thyroxine)
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
A pituitary hormone that regulates thyroid function.
Vitamin D
Circulating levels of vitamin D.
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